A pasigraphy—derived from the Greek words for ‘universal’ and ‘writing’—is a system where symbols represent concepts, making it intelligible across languages. This section gathers 18 attempts to pasigraphies, each offering unique approaches. Some can represent all languages; others reflect their creators’ own, self-devised systems. These scripts range from practical designs to artistic experiments. Some are rooted in visionary ideals, while others stem from necessity. Whether based on abstract ideas or speech, all these pasigraphs share a common goal: closing the language gaps that are believed to divide humanity.
